Usefulness of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in controlling puerperal bleeding in patients with abnormal placental implantation.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Abnormalities of placental implantation, which make up the spectrum of placenta accreta, are associated with high maternal morbidity and mortality due to massive bleeding during delivery. Placing aortic occlusion balloons helps control the bleeding, facilitating surgical intervention. A new device, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA), minimizes the risks and complications associated with the placement of traditional aortic balloons and is also efficacious in controlling bleeding. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness, efficacy, and safety of REBOA in puerperal bleeding due to abnormalities of placental implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between November 2019 and November 2021, our interventional radiology team placed six REBOA devices in six women scheduled for cesarean section due to placenta accrete. RESULTS: Mean blood loss during cesarean section after REBOA (3507.5 mL) was similar to the amounts reported for other aortic balloons. The mean number of units of packed red blood cells required for transfusion was 3.5. Using REBOA provided the surgical team with adequate conditions to perform the surgery. There were no complications derived from REBOA, and the mean ICU stay was <2 days. CONCLUSION: The technical characteristics of the REBOA device make it a safe and useful alternative for controlling massive bleeding in patients with placenta accreta.

Utilidad de la oclusión aórtica con balón REBOA para el control de las hemorragias puerperales en pacientes con anomalías de la implantación placentaria / Usefulness of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in controlling puerperal bleeding in patients with abnormal placental implantation

Antecedentes y objetivo: Las anomalías en la implantación placentaria, que conforman el espectro de la placenta acreta, son causa de alta morbimortalidad maternal por la hemorragia masiva que se produce en estas pacientes durante el parto. La colocación previa de balones de oclusión aórticos ayuda a controlar el sangrado, disminuyéndolo y facilitando la intervención quirúrgica. Existe un nuevo balón de oclusión aórtico denominado REBOA que minimiza los riesgos y las complicaciones asociadas a la colocación de los balones aórticos tradicionales además de lograr el control de las hemorragias. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la utilidad, la eficacia y la seguridad del balón REBOA en las hemorragias puerperales por anomalías en la implantación placentaria. Material y métodos: Desde noviembre del 2019 hasta noviembre del 2021 se han colocado, por parte de radiología intervencionista, 6 balones REBOA en 6 mujeres que iban a ser tratadas mediante cesárea programada de acretismo placentario. Resultado: En el estudio realizado, las pérdidas de volumen sanguíneo durante la cesárea tras la colocación del balón REBOA son similares a las reportadas en la literatura con otros balones aórticos, con una media de 3.507,5ml. La media de requerimientos transfusionales fue de 3,5 concentrados de hematíes. El uso del balón REBOA proporcionó al equipo quirúrgico unas condiciones adecuadas para realizar la cirugía. No hubo complicaciones derivadas de su colocación y la estancia media en UCI de las pacientes fue inferior a 2 días. Conclusión: El balón REBOA, gracias a sus características técnicas, se plantea como una nueva alternativa segura y útil para el control de las hemorragias masivas en las pacientes con acretismo placentario.(AU)

Background and aims: Abnormalities of placental implantation, which make up the spectrum of placenta accreta, are associated with high maternal morbidity and mortality due to massive bleeding during delivery. Placing aortic occlusion balloons helps control the bleeding, facilitating surgical intervention. A new device, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA), minimizes the risks and complications associated with the placement of traditional aortic balloons and is also efficacious in controlling bleeding. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness, efficacy, and safety of REBOA in puerperal bleeding due to abnormalities of placental implantation. Material and methods: Between November 2019 and November 2021, our interventional radiology team placed six REBOA devices in six women scheduled for cesarean section due to placenta accrete. Results Mean blood loss during cesarean section after REBOA (3507.5mL) was similar to the amounts reported for other aortic balloons. The mean number of units of packed red blood cells required for transfusion was 3.5. Using REBOA provided the surgical team with adequate conditions to perform the surgery. There were no complications derived from REBOA, and the mean ICU stay was < 2 days. Conclusion The technical characteristics of the REBOA device make it a safe and useful alternative for controlling massive bleeding in patients with placenta accreta.(AU)

LA VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO EN CUBA Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL SECTOR SALUD

Introducción: la violencia de género es un mal endémico de la cultura patriarcal a nivel global y constituye un grave problema de salud pública. Objetivo: describir las características y peculiaridades de la violencia de género en Cuba y el papel del sector salud en la atención a este tipo de violencia. Método: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de artículos publicados durante los últimos 10 años. Se seleccionaron 20 artículos procedentes de bases de datos MEDLINE, LILACS y PUBMED, sitios webs, libros y revistas en Internet. Desarrollo: la forma más común de violencia en Cuba es la violencia intrafamiliar contra las mujeres y las niñas, en todas sus manifestaciones, con predominio de la violencia psicológica. La región más afectada es la oriental. Conclusiones: el sector salud constituye un elemento clave en la prevención, el tratamiento y la rehabilitación de la mujer tras haber sufrido una experiencia de maltrato.[AU]

Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome associated with central nervous system HIV-1 escape phenomenon. / Síndrome opsoclono-mioclono-ataxia asociado a fenómeno de escape viral por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en el sistema nervioso central.

INTRODUCTION: Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia (OMA) syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by involuntary conjugate saccadic eye movements, myoclonus, and ataxia. Few reports exist on patients with HIV and OMA. CASE REPORT: A 41-year-old man diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in 1997 coursed with multiple anti-retroviral schemes as a consequence of poor adherence. In 2008 he presented an HIV-1 viral load of 100,000 copies/mL and a CD4+ T cell count of 10 cells/mm3. In 2013 our patient arrived with an 11-month history of progressive opsoclonus and ataxia. He had undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA load and CD4+ of 606 cells/mm3. No opportunistic infections were found. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed mildly elevated protein concentration and HIV-1 viral load of 534 copies/mL. Cerebrospinal fluid co-receptor tropism test showed selective CCR5 usage. A brain magnetic resonance imaging showed hippocampal atrophy and T2-weighted hyperintensities. Our patient exhibited a dramatic recovery and cerebrospinal fluid HIV clearance after adjustment of anti-retroviral treatment based on genotyping resistance and tropism analyses. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with HIV presenting cengral nervous system dysfunction without opportunistic infections, cerebro-spinal fluid and plasma HIV-1 viral load, resistance and tropism tests should be performed to assess a potential viral escape and to design the appropriate anti-retroviral therapy in an individual patient basis.

TITLE: Síndrome opsoclono-mioclono-ataxia asociado a fenómeno de escape viral por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en el sistema nervioso central.Introducción. El síndrome opsoclono-mioclono-ataxia (OMA) es un trastorno neurológico infrecuente caracterizado por movimientos oculares conjugados sacádicos involuntarios, mioclonías y ataxia. Existen pocos casos en la bibliografía de pacientes con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y OMA. Caso clínico. Varón de 41 años y diagnóstico de infección por el VIH-1 desde 1997, que cursó con múltiples esquemas antirretrovirales debido a una pobre adhesión al tratamiento. En 2008 presentó una carga viral de 100.000 copias/mL y una cuenta linfocitaria CD4+ de 10 células/mm3. En 2013 sufrió un cuadro progresivo de 11 meses de evolución caracterizado por opsoclonía y ataxia. En ese momento, su carga viral era indetectable, y la cuenta de CD4+, de 606 células/mm3. Se descartaron infecciones oportunistas. El examen del líquido cefalorraquídeo demostró hiperproteinorraquia leve y una carga viral de 534 copias/mL. El examen del tropismo de correceptor en el líquido cefalorraquídeo demostró un uso selectivo de CCR5. La resonancia magnética cerebral objetivó atrofia hipocámpica e hiperintensidades en las secuencias ponderadas en T2. El paciente mostró una recuperación clínica franca y un aclaramiento de la carga viral en el líquido cefalorraquídeo tras el ajuste de antirretrovirales basado en la resistencia de genotipo y el análisis de tropismo. Conclusiones. En pacientes con infección por el VIH y disfunción del sistema nervioso central sin infecciones oportunistas, debería llevarse a cabo una determinación de la carga viral en el plasma y el líquido cefalorraquídeo para descartar un potencial fenómeno de escape viral, así como exámenes de resistencia y tropismo para diseñar el tratamiento antirretroviral adecuado.

Indicación del Test Genético Preimplantacional en el Hospital Universitario de Canarias / Indication of Preimplantation Genetic Testing at the Hospital Universitario de Canarias

INTRODUCCIÓN: El test genético preimplantacional (PGT), es el análisis genético del embrión para determinar si es portador de alguna alteración genética o cromosómica. Los objetivos del presente trabajo son determinar las indicaciones de PGT de las parejas atendidas en el Hospital Universitario de Canarias (HUC), analizar su edad, procedencia, antecedentes médico-quirúrgicos y obstétrico-ginecológicos y/o andrológicos, así como valorar la posible existencia de factores de esterilidad, y relacionar la patología genética con procedencia de las pacientes. Además, con el objetivo de estudiar los porcentajes de gestación y efectuar una correlación entre las variables anteriormente descritas con la gestación. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de todos los pacientes con la indicación de PGT de la Unidad de Reproducción del Hospital Universitario de Canarias, desde el año 2008 al 2018, con un total de 88 parejas/ 176 pacientes analizados. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue de 33,10 ± 3,79 años en mujeres y 35,36±4,59 en varones. El 54,5 % de las pacientes presentaron algún antecedente médico y el 37,5 % quirúrgico, en tanto que el 38,6 % de las mujeres y 58 % de los varónes tenían algún factor de esterilidad y, además, el 50 % referían una gestación previa. El 22 % de las mujeres y el 16 % de los varones presentaron un cariotipo patológico mientras que el estudio genético se llevó a cabo en el 40 % de las mujeres (97,5% patológico) y en el 36,4 % de los varones (95,5 % patológico). En la distribución de las pacientes por islas y edades, encontramos que la población observada y la esperada es prácticamente igual. Tras el PGT el 53 % de las pacientes consiguióuna gestación. CONCLUSIÓN: Las parejas de nuestro estudio obtuvieron una tasa de gestación del 53 %, similar al Registro SEF (46,8 %). Éstas son superiores con PGT frente al ICSI convencional, pues incrementa las posibilidades de lograr un embarazo al asegurar la transferencia sólo de embriones euploides. Debido a los factores de esterilidad hallados estaría indicado realizar su estudio previo al PGT y, dado sus buenos resultados, estimamos que se debe implementar esta técnica en los hospitales de referencia para FIV/ICSI

SUMMARY: Preimplantational genetic testing (PGT) is the genetic analysis performed on the embryo in early stages of development, to determine if any genetic or chromosomal alteration is carried. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive and retrospective study was carried out of all patients with the indication of PGT from the Reproduction Unit of the Hospital Universitario de Canarias, from 2008 to 2018, with a total of 88 couples/ 176 patients analysed. RESULTS: The average age was 33,0 ±3.79 years for women and 35,36 ± 4.59 years for males. 54,5% of the patients presented some medical history, and 37,5% had previous surgery, 3,6% of women and 58% of men had some infertility factor, and in addition, 50% of the patients reported a pregnancy. 22% of women and 16% of males had a pathological karyotype while the genetic study was carried out in 40% of women, (97,5% was pathological) and in 36,4% of males (95,5% was pathological). Regarding the distribution of patients by islands and ages, we found that the observed and expected population is practically the same. After PGT, 53% of the patients achieved a pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The couples in our study achieved a pregnancy rate of 53%, close to SEF Registry (46,8%). PGT pregnancy rates are higher than conventional ICSI and increases the chances of achieving a pregnancy by ensuring the transfer only of euploid embryos. Due to founded infertility factors, it would be indicated to perform infertility study in all couples that are going to undergo PGT. And, given the good results of the PGT, we estimate that this technique should be implemented in our Hospital

Effect of Ag Addition on the Electrochemical Performance of Cu10Al in Artificial Saliva.

In this work we proposed to evaluate the corrosion resistance of four different alloys by electrochemical techniques, a binary alloy Cu10Al, and three ternary alloys Cu10Al-xAg (x = 5, 10, and 15 wt.%) to be used like biomaterials in dental application. Biomaterials proposed were tested in artificial saliva at 37°C for 48 h. In addition, pure metals Cu, Al, Ag, and Ti as reference materials were evaluated. In general the short time tests indicated that the Ag addition increases the corrosion resistance and reduces the extent of localized attack of the binary alloy. Moreover, tests for 48 hours showed that the Ag addition increases the stability of the passive layer, thereby reducing the corrosion rate of the binary alloy. SEM analysis showed that Cu10Al alloy was preferably corroded by grain boundaries, and the Ag addition modified the form of attack of the binary alloy. Cu-rich phases reacted with SCN(-) anions forming a film of CuSCN, and the Ag-rich phase is prone to react with SCN(-) anions forming AgSCN. Thus, binary and ternary alloys are susceptible to tarnish in the presence of thiocyanate ions.

[Cluster headache in pediatric population: four case reports and review of the literature]. / Cefalea en racimos en edad pediatrica: descripcion de cuatro casos y revision de la bibliografia.

INTRODUCTION: Cluster headache is a rare cause of primary headache in children. We report four cases with a mean age of onset of 8.6, ranged from 2 to 13 years. CASE REPORTS: Three males and one female with onset at 2, 7, 13, and 12 years-old, respectively, were included. The symptoms of all patients fulfill the criteria for the diagnosis of cluster headache according to the International Society of Headache. CONCLUSIONS: Despite being rare during childhood, cluster headache should be part of the differential diagnosis of headache in childhood. This report highlights the variable features of this disorder in children, often misdiagnosed. It can be useful in making a quick diagnosis and starting the appropriate treatment early. Verapamil was more effective than flunarizine in terminating the headache in our patients. Oxygen treatment and triptans resulted the treatments with the best response in acute cluster headache.

TITLE: Cefalea en racimos en edad pediatrica: descripcion de cuatro casos y revision de la bibliografia.Introduccion. La cefalea en racimos es una cefalea primaria de origen trigeminoautonomico cuyo inicio en la infancia es infrecuente. Se presentan cuatro casos en los que el inicio de la sintomatologia se produjo entre los 2 y los 13 años. Casos clinicos. Se incluyen tres varones y una niña con inicio a los 2, 7, 13 y 12 años, respectivamente. Los cuatro pacientes cumplen los criterios propuestos por la tercera edicion de la Clasificacion Internacional de las Cefaleas ICHD-III (beta). Conclusiones. A pesar de ser poco frecuente durante la edad pediatrica, la cefalea en racimos debe formar parte del diagnostico diferencial de un niño que consulta por cefalea. Subrayamos la importancia de conocer sus criterios diagnosticos para evitar el retraso diagnostico que se ha descrito con frecuencia. En nuestros pacientes, el tratamiento con verapamilo resulto mas eficaz que el tratamiento con flunaricina. Los tratamientos con mejor respuesta en fase aguda fueron la oxigenoterapia y los triptanes.

Clinical intraocular islet transplantation is not a number issue.

It is now well established that beta cell replacement through pancreatic islet transplantation results in significant improvement in the quality-of-life of type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. This is achieved through improved control and prevention of severe drops in blood sugar levels. Islet transplant therapy is on the verge of becoming standard-of-care in the USA. Yet, as with other established transplantation therapies, there remain hurdles to overcome to bring islet transplantation to full fruition as a long-lasting therapy of T1D. One of these hurdles is establishing reliable new sites, other than the liver, where durable efficacy and survival of transplanted islets can be achieved. In this article, we discuss the anterior chamber of the eye as a new site for clinical islet transplantation in the treatment of T1D. We specifically focus on the common conceptions, and preconceptions, on the requirements of islet mass, and whether or not the anterior chamber can accommodate sufficient islets to achieve meaningful efficacy and significant impact on hyperglycemia in clinical application.

Úlceras de Lipschütz: a propósito de dos nuevos casos / Lipschütz’s ulcers: two new cases report

Presentamos los casos de dos niñas de 13 y 11 años de edad, previamente sanas, que consultaron en nuestro servicio de urgencias pediátricas por presentar úlceras dolorosas genitales agudas que aparecieron en el contexto de un proceso febril. Las exploraciones complementarias descartaron tanto una enfermedad venérea como el resto de causas habituales de úlceras genitales. En ambos casos las lesiones desaparecieron en un periodo de 2 semanas sin secuelas(AU)

We present the cases of two girls, 13 and 11 aged respectively, who had previously been healthy, that consulted in our pediatric emergency because of painful acute genital ulcers that appeared in the context of a febrile process. The complementary examinations ruled out both veneral disease and the other usual causes of genital ulcerations. In both cases, the lesions disappeared in a period of two weeks without sequelae(AU)

The anterior chamber of the eye as a clinical transplantation site for the treatment of diabetes: a study in a baboon model of diabetes.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to provide evidence that the anterior chamber of the eye serves as a novel clinical islet implantation site. METHODS: In a preclinical model, allogeneic pancreatic islets were transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye of a baboon model for diabetes, and metabolic and ophthalmological outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: Islets readily engrafted on the iris and there was a decrease in exogenous insulin requirements due to insulin secretion from the intraocular grafts. No major adverse effects on eye structure and function could be observed during the transplantation period. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our study demonstrates the long-term survival and function of allogeneic islets after transplantation into the anterior chamber of the eye. The safety and simplicity of this procedure provides support for further studies aimed at translating this technology into the clinic.

Chromatographic determination of flumequine in food samples by post-column derivatisation with terbium(III).

The potential usefulness of terbium(III) as reagent for the luminescent determination of flumequine residues in food samples has been studied using both fluorescence (FL) and time-resolved (TR) modes and both batch (B) and integrated liquid chromatography (LC)/derivatisation approaches. The system was optimised in each instance to establish the analytical features of the four methods. The dynamic ranges of the calibration graphs, obtained with standard solutions of flumequine, were (ng mL(-1)): B-FL 0.18-600; B-TR 2.4-150; LC-FL 3.7-1000 and LC-TR 52-3000. The detection limits were also obtained giving the following values (ng mL(-1)): B-FL 0.055; B-TR 0.7; LC-FL 1.1 and LC-TR 15. The precision, expressed as the percentage of relative standard deviation, was equal or lower than 5.1% in all instances. The LC methods, which avoid the interference of other quinolone antibiotics, were applied to the analysis of chicken muscle and liver, and whole milk samples. The sample pre-treatment only consisted of a deproteinisation step. The validation procedure for the analysis of samples was carried out using EC recommendations, and the decision limit and detection capability were calculated. The recoveries obtained ranged from 95.0% to 103.8%.

Crisis parciales secundariamente generalizadas en gemelos moncoriales / No disponible

La epilepsia es una patología con una base etiopatogénica fundamentalmente genética que se ha intentado demostrar a lo largo de los últimos cien años. En artículos publicados en la bibliografía más reciente se hace hincapié, tanto en intentar demostrar que la herencia genética soporta el peso fundamental de la enfermedad (2-5), como en sugerir de manera reiterada que los factores medioambientales y factores genéticos posteriores a la fertilización son los responsables de las diferentes variantes clínicas de esta patología(6-9). Presentamos el caso de dos hermanos gemelos monocoriales, los cuales presentaron, a los seis y siete años de edad, respectivamente, cuadros repetidos de crisis parciales en miembros inferiores que, a lo largo del tiempo, evolucionaron en ambos pacientes hacia crisis tónico-clónicas secundariamente generalizadas. Con este nuevo caso clínico de epilepsia en gemelos y sus peculiaridades, tanto clínicas como de respuesta al tratamiento, volvemos a cuestionar la etiopatogenia de la epilepsia y su utilidad en la práctica médica en cuanto al inicio del tratamiento antiepiléptico en el caso de 2 gemelos monocoriales (AU)

Epilepsy is a disease with genetic bases. The role of genetic factors in the occurrence of epilepsy was studied in twins during last century. The most recent bibliography try to confirm that genetic factors have a substantial impact on the etiology of epileptic seizures and also suggest that environmental influences and postfertilization genetic processes still remained an important factor in seizure expression. We report a case of a pair of identical twins who were began seizures at age 6 and 7 years respectively. Initially the seizures were partial involving inferior limbs and finally were generalized. With this case of identical twins but different clinical manifestations and little different responses of the therapy, we answered epilepsy´s etiology, the mean of medical practice and the beginning of the therapy anticonvulsinvant in twins (AU)

Crisis de pánico como expresión del síndrome de Alicia en el país de las maravillas durante la infección adquirida por citomegalovirus / No disponible

Las manifestaciones clínicas de la infección adquirida por citomegalovirus (cmv) varían con la edad y con la immunocompetencia del huésped. Las infecciones asintomáticas son las más frecuentes, en particular en los niños y el siguiente en frecuencia, la hepatoesplenomegalia. Se presenta un niño de 3 años que acudió a urgencias de nuestro hospital tras un episodio de crisis de pánico con alucinaciones complejas compatible con un síndrome de Alicia en el país de las maravillas (SAPM). Las exploraciones física y neurológica eran normales, y las pruebas complementarias mostraron correlación con crisis parciales sensoriales, observándose en el EEG brotes focales paroxísticos de punta-onda en ambas regiones temporales. Se inicia tratamiento con valproato, cediendo el cuadro dentro de las 72 horas de inicio de tratamiento. El resto de pruebas complementarias y de imagen fueron normales. Posteriormente, con el resultado de las serologías y PCR del virus, se objetiva el curso de una infección reciente por cmv por lo que se suspende el tratamiento antiepiléptico y actualmente permanece asintomático dos años después del episodio. Las crisis de pánico en un niño deben hacernos pensar siempre en una etiología orgánica, como es la epilepsia o el síndrome de Alicia en el país de las maravillas. La existencia de una infección reciente por CMV durante este proceso nos hace pensar en la probable relación entre el SAPM y la infección por cmv (AU)

The clinical conditions the acquired cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection change with the age and host´s immunocompetence. The asintomatics infections are the most frequents, specially in the children and the second place hepatoesplenomegaly the second place. We report a 3 year old infant was taken emergencies because one episode of panic attach with complex hallucinations. Phisical and neurological examination were normal. And the electroencephalogram was correlated with temporal focal paroxims. He was treated with valproic with resolution of the symptoms in the first 72 hours. Laboratory findings and imaging studies results normal. Finally serology showed a recent cmv Infection, cancelled antiepileptic treatment and he remains asymptomatic two years later. Conclusions. Panic attach in children should to thinking organic etiology, like epilepsy or Alice in wonderland syndrome (AWS). We showed the relation between AWS and cmv infection (AU)

[Prone versus what?]. / 'Prono frente a qué?

Background It has been known for many years that the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is reduced by the supine sleeping position. Campaigns are required to increase awareness of this finding among all those involved in childcare (parents, relatives, kindergarten staff, health professionals etc.).ObjectiveTo determine knowledge of the best sleeping position among health professionals (physicians and nurses) and the parents of healthy neonates.Material and methodThe study was performed in a tertiary maternity hospital. A voluntary, anonymous questionnaire containing an item on the best sleeping position for neonates was distributed. The influence of parental age, occupation, education, and previous children was analyzed.ResultsThe side position was the most frequent answer among parents both in the first questionnaire (50.9 %) and in the second (46.8 %). Health professionals preferred the supine position (63.3 %). Parents who gave the right answer had a higher mean age, were more likely to work outside the home and to be better educated. The existence of previous children did not influence the answer.ConclusionsIn some maternity hospitals, parents still believe the side sleeping position to be best for their children. To provide an example in maternity wards, all health professionals should accept the supine position as the best for preventing SIDS.

[Monoclonal antibodies to dengue virus 4: the spectrum of the reactivity to 4 serotypes of dengue]. / Anticuerpos monoclonales al virus dengue 4: espectro de reactividad a los 4 serotipos del dengue.

These types of monoclonal antibodies 8E8, 3F7 and 1E9 to dengue 4 virus H-241 strain. These monoclonal antibodies show various patterns of reactivity to the four dengue serotypes and different antigen preparations of serotype 4 when they were tested in various serological methods. The monoclonal antibody 8E8 exhibited a specificity of serotype (D-2; by hemagglutination inhibition); subcomplex (D-2 and D-4 by immunofluorescence) and complex (by immunoperoxidase technique). It was able to neutralize by 80% homologous virus and it turned out to be the only reactive monoclonal antibody in the complement fixation test. The monoclonal 3F7 did not react to by hemagglutination inhibition, recognized serotypes D-1, D-2, D-3 and D-4 by immunofluorescence and only serotypes D1 and D4 by immunoperoxidase technique but it was unable to neutralize the homologous virus. The 1E9 antibody was reactive to serotypes D1, D-2, D-3 and D-4 only by hemagglutination inhibition and neutralized serotype D-4. All the monoclonal antibodies were able to react to various dengue antigens through an ELISA of double antibody and showed fluorescent activity against 38th pass in Beagle dog kidney culture; however, they could not react to a D-4 recombinant antigen.

Status epilepticus with neuron-reactive serum antibodies: response to plasma exchange.

The authors report a patient with partial and secondarily generalized status epilepticus who required 70 days of general anesthesia for seizure control. Although antiepileptic medications failed to control the seizures, they resolved with plasma exchange. The patient's serum reacted with rat cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, but not with cells expressing the glutamate receptor GluR3. These findings suggest an immune response against neuronal antigens other than GluR3.

[Assessment of the cellular immune response induced in Balb/C mice with dengue virus 2 envelope protein]. / Evaluación de la respuesta inmune celular inducida en ratones Balb/C por la proteína de envoltura del virus dengue 2.

The cellular immune response to dengue type 2 virus envelope protein was studied. To this end, the lympho-proliferative capacity of T-lymphocytes obtained from splenocytes of animals immunized with the protein when they were stimulated by such protein and dengue 2 virus. It was realized that splenocytes proliferated significantly in response to both types of viral antigens and that the values of stimulation indexes were higher in response to the whole virus than to the protein alone. Based on the above-mentioned, it was concludes that purified dengue 2 virus envelope protein was capable of generating specific and memory responses of antigen T-cell to dengue 2 type virus.

Capillary isoelectric focusing.

Capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) provides excellent resolution of proteins with the advantage that separations are carried out in a capillary format with on-tube detection and automated analysis. Recent advances in the technique provide improved resolution, reproducibility and reliability. This review summarizes improvements in sample preparation, capillary selection, and focusing and zone mobilization procedures which have helped CIEF become a more robust analytical method. New applications are reviewed, in particular the use of CIEF in analysis of biopharmaceutical products.